The Global Campaign for Microbicides has a slightly more expansive definition: "A microbicide is a substance that can substantially reduce
transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when
applied either in the vagina or the rectum". It could be produced
in many forms, including gels, creams, suppositories, films, lubricants,
or in the form of a sponge or vaginal ring that slowly releases the active
ingredient.
So what's on the market?
There are over 60 products at different stages of development and clinical
trials at the moment, but none as yet on the market.
Among those most advanced in testing are:
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Jo Robinson: "Microbicides are an HIV prevention tool for women"
Carraguard, a gel made from a common seaweed (see 'Seaweed gel stops HIV', PN March). Carraguard kills HIV
by disrupting its fragile envelope membrane, but does not affect sperm.
Pro 2000 or polynaphthalene sulphonate, a slippery barrier chemical that stops HIV and other viruses attaching themselves to the cells lining the vagina and rectum.
BufferGel. This works by keeping the vagina acidic (the natural state of a healthy vagina). Seminal fluid is alkaline: when made acid, it kills the virus off.
The most useful thing about these products is that some will also act as a contraceptive and some will not, a necessary versatility given the importance of contraception, but also the importance of procreation in sex between men and
women.
